{"id":12342,"date":"2024-05-08T12:00:00","date_gmt":"2024-05-08T10:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/holistic.news\/en\/?p=12342"},"modified":"2024-05-08T10:57:41","modified_gmt":"2024-05-08T08:57:41","slug":"censoring-literary-classics-ethical-obligation-or-political-correctness-gone-too-far","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/holistic.news\/en\/censoring-literary-classics-ethical-obligation-or-political-correctness-gone-too-far\/","title":{"rendered":"Censoring Literary Classics: Ethical Obligation or Political Correctness Gone Too Far?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

In 2023, the media was abuzz with news of controversial actions taken by Western publishers who decided to make changes and corrections to the books of deceased authors. As a result, popular editions of works by Roald Dahl, Ian Fleming, and Agatha Christie were stripped of words now deemed offensive \u2013 such as \u201cstupid\u201d or \u201cfat\u201d \u2013 or phrases that perpetuated stereotypes about people of non-white skin colors. These publishers\u2019 interventions, aimed at adjusting classical texts to the sensitivities of modern audiences, met with fierce criticism from literary scholars, journalists, and cultural figures.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A year ago, Mateusz Tomanek<\/a> already discussed this issue in the pages of Holistic News. Since then, attempts to negotiate the cultural past of the Western world have taken on new, often equally ethically debatable forms, such as the removal of \u201cwrong-thinking\u201d books from American school libraries. In the heat of emotional debates about this \u201cnew censorship,\u201d we often forget that this phenomenon tells us something about our present and its historical roots.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

New Censorship?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Censoring literature is not a new phenomenon. Experts point out that the first attempts to correct \u201cunorthodox\u201d literary works occurred as early as the 17th century. In the European cultural sphere, censorship is primarily associated with the oppression of the communist regime. However, it was also present in liberal Western countries. In the introduction to the 1982 short story collection Unicorn Variation<\/em>, renowned fantasy and science fiction author Roger Zelazny recalled that in the American reality of the 1950s, it was unthinkable for a budding writer to use vulgar language or meticulously describe erotic scenes. According to the author of The Chronicles of Amber<\/em>, moral censorship \u2013 the dark side of the post-war American dream \u2013 was as severe as its \u201cpolitical\u201d counterpart from the Soviet Union.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The situation in the West changed with the onset of the sexual revolution in the 1960s. Since then, the American publishing market has increasingly featured books that break away from the prudishness of the previous era, embracing the concept of inclusivity, which involves integrating the sexual and ethnic experiences of minorities into the center of the \u201cliterary world.\u201d Contemporary censorship \u2013 like that of the 1950s \u2013 is also tied to moral issues. Critics of this phenomenon often equate it with the terror of political correctness or the dominance of leftist ideologies. They suggest that one oppressive system has just been replaced by another. However, this issue is more complex than it might seem at first glance.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Midjourney<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Censorship and the New Language of Describing the World<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

The reluctance of some modern readers toward once-celebrated literary works, such as Jack London\u2019s White Fang<\/em>, Rudyard Kipling\u2019s The Jungle Book<\/em>, or Henryk Sienkiewicz\u2019s In Desert and Wilderness<\/em>, should not be surprising. Over the century since these works were published, both the language used to describe reality and the reality itself have undergone numerous transformations. Content and phrases that did not offend readers 100 years ago often today appear racist or targeted against members of certain social groups. From the perspective of a contemporary reader, it might seem that the narrator of The Master and Margarita<\/em> despises representatives of the poorer classes, viewing them with the superiority of an enlightened intellectual. However, that was not Mikhail Bulgakov\u2019s intention; he aimed to critique the concept of the \u201cSoviet man,\u201d shaped by propaganda and the violence of a totalitarian system.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There are many similar examples. This disparity between the worldview presented in a classical literary work and our value systems is natural. The past resists us in the sense that we are not able to experience it as we might in a virtual reality in a video game. Consequently, our knowledge of ancient times must necessarily be mediated through archaeological research, document analysis, or\u2026 reading literary works. By stripping classic books of their original context, we deny readers access to the past. History thus becomes like a golem that we try to shape according to our expectations and fears. As Suzanne Nossel, chair of PEN America, rightly notes in a statement quoted in the New York Times by Alexandra Alter and Elizabeth A. Harris, \u201cSometimes historical truth is inextricably linked with what is offensive.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We recommend: <\/strong>Reading: The Ultimate Stress Buster?<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Censorship, the Holocaust, and Comics<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

In the same vein, Art Spiegelman, an American cartoonist and comic book writer of Polish-Jewish descent, spoke out. His renowned graphic novel Maus<\/em>, which depicts the Holocaust drama, was recently removed from school libraries in Tennessee, Florida, and Texas. Authorities in McMinn County expressed concerns that the publication\u2019s images of nudity and violence were not suitable for underage audiences. In response, Spiegelman stated that contemporary schools would prefer their students to learn a \u201cnicer, gentler, and less vivid\u201d version of the Holocaust.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As Sophia Casacove argues in The New York Times<\/em> (in the article \u201cThe Fight Over \u2018Maus\u2019 Is Part of a Bigger Cultural Battle in Tennessee\u201d), the Maus<\/em> issue is one of the episodes of a conservative revolution in some American educational institutions. These institutions are banning discussions of works that address issues of race, gender, or sexuality. This situation demonstrates that censorship has become a phenomenon beyond ideology, with history as a battlefield for political maneuvers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ethics of Reading<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

The practices described by some publishers are not in line with the standards of contemporary publishing, which involves the science and art of issuing works from the past. Literary scholars today aim to faithfully reproduce the creative process behind the creation of significant works. A practical realization of this principle was published a few years ago in an edition titled Alchemy of the Manuscript: \u201cSamuel Zborowski\u201d by Juliusz S\u0142owacki<\/em>, prepared by Professor Marek Troszy\u0144ski from the Polish Academy of Sciences.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The researcher included scans of manuscripts by the romantic poet and, alongside each, a transliteration of the text \u2013 a faithful reproduction of its script, preserving original deletions, marginal notes, and alternative versions of individual passages. Through this approach, readers gain insight into the poet\u2019s thought process and the difficulties he faced while working on his intriguing piece.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Of course, it is unreasonable to expect mass-market or popular science editions of classic books to contain such an extensive scholarly apparatus. Reading should primarily please us. However, this pleasure should not be experienced at the expense of historical truth or without respecting the intentions of deceased authors. For obvious reasons, they are not able to respond to accusations of racism or the use of phrases considered offensive today.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We recommend:<\/strong> A Lack of Mindfulness and Superficial Judgment of Others: Problems Which Plague Humanity<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Profit Over Ethics<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

If old literary works no longer resonate with the sensitivities of modern audiences, why do publishers continue to reprint them? The answer seems mundane \u2013 it is about money. Characters like James Bond or Hercule Poirot have become pop culture icons, and stories featuring them generate substantial profits for both publishers and film studios. The commercial success of a work often depends on how well it adapts to the sensitivities and needs of contemporary audiences.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Although modifications of originals are justifiable in the case of (pop)cultural retellings \u2013 reworkings of well-known stories \u2013 it is difficult to accept situations where a deceased author\u2019s name is used to publish an altered version of their novel. Contemporary censorship thus appears not only as a form of \u201cpolitical correctness terror\u201d but as a \u201cghastly\u201d merger of market laws and politics.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

Translation: Klaudia Tarasiewicz<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u201cBooks are a mirror: you only see in them what you already have inside you,\u201d Carlos Ruiz Zaf\u00f3n wrote in a chapter of The Shadow of the Wind. In an era marked by contemporary trends to revise classic literary works and exclude \u201cinconvenient\u201d authors from the collective memory of readers, these words take on new significance.\u00a0 Do these practices reveal our fear of the past? Are they manifestations of a \u201cpolitical correctness terror\u201d or attempts to re-evaluate our culture? Or is it purely about money?<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":249,"featured_media":12343,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[433],"tags":[964,702,930,963],"class_list":["post-12342","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-truth-and-goodness","tag-books","tag-ethics","tag-literature","tag-writing"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nCensoring Literary Classics: Ethical Obligation or Political Correctness Gone Too Far? - Holistic News<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/holistic.news\/en\/censoring-literary-classics-ethical-obligation-or-political-correctness-gone-too-far\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_GB\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Censoring Literary Classics: Ethical Obligation or Political Correctness Gone Too Far? - Holistic News\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"\u201cBooks are a mirror: you only see in them what you already have inside you,\u201d Carlos Ruiz Zaf\u00f3n wrote in a chapter of The Shadow of the Wind. 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