{"id":14772,"date":"2025-09-20T17:00:00","date_gmt":"2025-09-20T15:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/holistic.news\/en\/?p=14772"},"modified":"2025-12-03T16:33:18","modified_gmt":"2025-12-03T15:33:18","slug":"india-pakistan-conflict-are-we-near-war","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/holistic.news\/en\/india-pakistan-conflict-are-we-near-war\/","title":{"rendered":"India\u2013Pakistan conflict: are we near war?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

History of tensions goes back to empire<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

The conflict between these states is as old as they are in their present form \u2014 perhaps even older. In the 18th\u201319th centuries, the British took control of virtually all the territory that today makes up India, Pakistan, and Bangladesh. However, they couldn\u2019t directly control such an enormous area with such a vast population. Therefore, they had to cooperate with local elites and draw them into imperial governance. They applied the maxim the ancient Romans called \u201cdivide et impera\u201d \u2014 divide and rule. In practice, the British exploited existing divisions and created new ones to make the colonial exploitation of India easier.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One division they strengthened rested on religion<\/strong>. By skillfully pitting Muslims against Hindus, they triggered splits within the independence movement. At a certain point, Muslims began to call for their own sovereign state named Pakistan \u2014 from the first letters of the provinces: Punjab, Afghania, Kashmir, Sindh, with the ending taken from Balochistan. In these areas, Muslims formed the majority of the population.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bloody partition and lasting trauma<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

After World War II, the British realized they would not be able to hold on to the colony in India and decided to withdraw. Activists from the independence movements in India and Pakistan took power. The partition of the country was to proceed along religious lines. Pakistan received territories in the west and, in addition, in the east \u2014 in the eastern part of Bengal, where Muslims formed the majority.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

They also divided Punjab, a province of great importance both economically and culturally. From areas taken by Pakistan, people often expelled Hindus and Sikhs<\/strong> \u2014 frequently with great violence. Likewise, in many places that became part of India, people forced out Muslims in similar ways. The brutality of this process cut deep into society and left a trauma that has lasted for decades.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Founded in 1947, Pakistan split into two parts \u2014 West and East. The eastern part was East Bengal, today\u2019s Bangladesh. Thousands of kilometers separated the two, and they differed in almost every respect except religion \u2014 in East Bengal, too, Muslims formed a majority.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Worth reading:<\/strong> India: A Nation between East and West. The Rise of a New Global Power?<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

India\u2013Pakistan conflict: \u201cK\u201d for Kashmir<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

The \u201cK\u201d in the word \u201cPakistan\u201d stood for Kashmir. And indeed, Kashmir turned out to be the most problematic province<\/strong>. It is an extraordinarily beautiful place \u2014 mountains, hills, lakes, lush vegetation \u2014 and a climate more bearable than hot Delhi or Lahore.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

For centuries, Kashmir remained a peaceful, almost storybook destination where Indian (and British) elites went to rest. After the British withdrew, the local ruler, himself a Hindu, signed accession documents to join his province to independent India rather than to Pakistan, even though the principle applied elsewhere would have pointed to religion \u2014 Kashmir\u2019s population was predominantly Muslim.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

That decision triggered a months-long war<\/strong>, which ended with the so-called Line of Control that divided Kashmir into a Pakistani part and an Indian part. Both sides fortified the line, which is not, however, a formal border. From those times on, it has become standard for armed incidents to occur along the Line of Control every few days or weeks, sometimes ending in the deaths of soldiers or civilians.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"India
Fot. W.Wybranowski\/ChatGPT<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Wars and turning points in the 20th century<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Another war broke out in 1965, triggered by an uprising in Indian-administered Kashmir that Pakistan helped provoke. It lasted several weeks. Several thousand people died during the fighting. Nevertheless, the war brought no significant resolution. Its quick end was possible thanks to mediation by the United States and the Soviet Union \u2014 neither superpower wanted this conflict to grow beyond measure.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The war of 1971 proved far more important<\/strong>. In East Pakistan, frustration had been mounting for a long time because elites from West Pakistan exploited that province. At the same time, the central authorities suppressed the local Bengali language spoken by the vast majority of residents.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

At the beginning of 1971, an uprising broke out, and the Pakistani army crushed it with exceptional brutality, killing civilians<\/strong> as well. In fear of the military, 10 million people fled to India. In this situation, New Delhi decided to act and launched a large-scale military intervention. As a result, Pakistan\u2019s army surrendered, and the eastern part of the state broke away, thereby creating independent Bangladesh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nuclear weapons and cold calculation<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

After these events, India\u2013Pakistan relations settled into a new normal. Pakistan shed its artificial, two-part structure, absorbed a painful \u201clesson,\u201d and focused on solving domestic problems. In turn, India did not succumb to triumphalism. Both sides returned to the Line of Control and to recurring incidents there, which, however, did not escalate into a more serious conflict<\/a>. In 1974, India conducted a successful nuclear test and gradually built up its nuclear arsenal. Pakistan also developed its own nuclear program. In 1998, it carried out successful tests and joined the club of states possessing the atomic bomb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In 1999, a short war broke out in Kargil<\/strong>, sparked by movements of guerrillas supported by Pakistan\u2019s army. Again, after several weeks of escalation, tensions decreased and both sides returned to previously held positions. Similar events, though on a smaller scale, occurred several more times later. There were also shellings of targets in Kashmir and, occasionally, beyond Kashmir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In 2008, terrorists operating from Pakistan attacked a prestigious hotel in Mumbai. In 2019, India carried out an important administrative reform by abolishing Kashmir\u2019s autonomous status and carving out the Ladakh province. That move provoked protests from Pakistan, yet it did not start another war.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Read also:<\/strong> Russia Is Banned, But Israel Isn\u2019t. The Double Standards of Sports<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Conflict under control \u2014 what next?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

The history of the India\u2013Pakistan conflict shows that both sides manage it in a way that prevents it from escalating too much or overshadowing more politically important matters. While both countries were deeply invested in the Kashmir conflict until quite recently, over the last decade India has reevaluated its foreign policy, so the issue no longer eclipses global priorities.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Both India and Pakistan possess nuclear weapons<\/strong> \u2014 in quantities so vast that detonating their arsenals would spell devastation for significant parts of both countries. This is an outcome neither Islamabad nor New Delhi wants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The most recent episode of the conflict involved an exceptionally bloody attack in a tourist town in Indian-administered Kashmir, which prompted an Indian response and then a Pakistani reply. In theory, both sides are prepared for a larger war, but there is no indication that this will happen in the foreseeable future. And \u2014 it must be added \u2014 from Poland\u2019s perspective, this is very good news.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

Read the original article:<\/em> Czy wystarczy pretekst? Te kraje s\u0105 na granicy wojny<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

From time to time alarming headlines pop up: \u201cTwo nuclear powers on the brink of total war\u201d or \u201cHas World War III already begun?\u201d When you see those, check if they\u2019re about the India\u2013Pakistan conflict. Does it really take just a pretext for war?<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":272,"featured_media":14773,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[433],"tags":[512,1798,1799,1800,1801,787],"class_list":["post-14772","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-truth-and-goodness","tag-geopolitics","tag-india-pakistan-conflict","tag-kashmir","tag-line-of-control","tag-nuclear-weapons","tag-war"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nIndia\u2013Pakistan conflict: are we near war?<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"India\u2013Pakistan conflict returns to the spotlight. 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